Nirmatrelvir shine mai hana SARS-CoV-2 babban protease (Mpro), wanda kuma ake kira 3C-like protease (3CLpro) ko nsp5 protease. Hana SARS-CoV-2 Mpro yana sanya shi kasa sarrafa abubuwan da ake buƙata na polyprotein, yana hana kwafi.

Nirmatrelvir ya hana ayyukan sake haɗawa da SARS-CoV-2 Mpro a cikin gwajin sinadarai a cikin adadin da za a iya samu a cikin vivo. An samo Nirmatrelvir yana ɗaure kai tsaye zuwa wurin aiki na SARS-CoV-2 Mpro ta hanyar crystallography X-ray.

Ritonavir mai hana cutar HIV-1 ne amma baya aiki da SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Ritonavir yana hana CYP3A-matsakaici metabolism na nirmatrelvir, yana haifar da ƙara yawan ƙwayar plasma na nirmatrelvir.

Ana ba da shawarar wannan magani. An ba da izinin yin amfani da gaggawa ta FDA don kula da cutar sankarau zuwa matsakaicin ƙwayar cuta (COVID-19) a cikin manya da marasa lafiya na yara (shekaru 12 da mazan da ke yin nauyi aƙalla kilo 40 ko kusan fam 88) tare da ingantattun sakamako na gwajin SARS-CoV-2 kai tsaye, kuma waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin ci gaba zuwa mummunan COVID-19, gami da asibiti ko mutuwa. Ya kamata a fara Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir da wuri-wuri bayan gano cutar ta COVID-19 kuma a cikin kwanaki biyar na bayyanar cututtuka.

Shawarwarin sun dogara ne akan EPIC-HR, wani gwajin gwaji na gwaji na gwaji na Phase2 / 3 wanda ke kimanta tasiri na nirmaltrelivir / ritonavir vs. placebo a cikin raguwa na asibiti da kuma mutuwa ta ranar 28. Yin amfani da nirmaltrelivir / ritonavir a cikin kwanaki 5 na alamar bayyanar cututtuka Mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin ci gaba zuwa mummunar cuta sun rage haɗarin asibiti ko mutuwa ta kwanaki 28 da kashi 88%.